Dependency Management

When a request contains an expression, webpack cannot determine the exact module at compile time, so it creates a context instead.

For example, suppose you have the following folder structure, which includes a number of .ejs files:

example_directory
└── template/
    ├── table.ejs
    ├── table-row.ejs
    └── directory/
        └── another.ejs

Now consider what happens when webpack evaluates the following import() or require() call:

import(`./template/${name}.ejs`);
require(`./template/${name}.ejs`);

webpack parses the call and extracts the following information from it:

Directory: ./template
Regular expression: /^.*\.ejs$/

From this, webpack generates a context module. The context module references every module in that directory that can be required with a request matching the regular expression, and it includes a map that translates each request to a module id.

Here is an example of such a map:

{
  "./table.ejs": 42,
  "./table-row.ejs": 43,
  "./directory/another.ejs": 44
}

The context module also contains the runtime logic needed to look up modules in this map.

As a result, dynamic calls are supported, but every matching module ends up included in the bundle.

import.meta.webpackContext is the ESM equivalent of require.context.

import.meta.webpackContext(directory, {
  recursive: true,
  regExp: /^\.\/.*$/,
  mode: 'sync',
});

[!WARNING] The arguments passed to import.meta.webpackContext must be literals.

You can create your own context with the require.context() function.

It accepts a directory to search, a flag that indicates whether subdirectories should also be searched, and a regular expression to match files against.

webpack scans the code for require.context() calls while building.

The syntax is as follows:

require.context(
  directory,
  (useSubdirectories = true),
  (regExp = /^\.\/.*$/),
  (mode = 'sync')
);

Examples:

require.context('./test', false, /\.test\.js$/);
// A context with files from the test directory that can be required with a request ending in `.test.js`.

[!WARNING] The arguments passed to require.context must be literals.

A context module exports a (require) function that takes a single argument: the request.

This exported function has three properties: resolve, keys, and id.

• resolve is a function that returns the module id of the parsed request.
• keys is a function that returns an array of every request the context module can handle.

This is handy when you want to require all files in a directory, or all files matching a pattern. For example:

function importAll(r) {
  r.keys().forEach(r);
}

importAll(
  import.meta.webpackContext('../components/', {
    recursive: true,
    regExp: /\.js$/,
  })
);

• id is the module id of the context module. This can be useful for import.meta.webpackHot.accept or module.hot.accept.